As a seasoned outdoor writer and hunter with over a decade spent exploring and writing about the American landscape, I’ve seen firsthand the transformative power of well-planned best year round food plot mixes. Attracting and holding whitetail deer – and boosting their health – isn’t just about luck; it’s about understanding their nutritional needs throughout the entire year and providing for them. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know, from selecting the right seeds to implementing no till food plots, ensuring your land becomes a deer magnet. We’ll cover everything from spring food plots for deer to late season food plots, and even address challenges like food plots in the woods and best food plot for shaded areas.
Why Plant Food Plots? The Benefits for Deer and Hunters
Food plots aren’t just a nice-to-have; they’re a crucial component of modern deer management. They provide a consistent, high-quality food source, especially during critical periods like late winter, early spring (when natural forage is scarce), and the pre-rut and hunting seasons. This improved nutrition translates to healthier deer, increased antler growth, higher fawn survival rates, and ultimately, a more robust deer population on your property. For hunters, it means increased opportunities and a better chance of harvesting a mature buck. According to the National Park Service, supplemental feeding, including food plots, can significantly impact deer behavior and distribution.
Understanding Seasonal Deer Nutrition
Before diving into specific seed mixes, it’s vital to understand what deer need at different times of the year. Their dietary requirements shift dramatically based on their life stage and the demands of the season:
- Early Spring: High-protein for antler growth and recovery from winter. Clover, alfalfa, and chicory are excellent choices.
- Summer: Continued protein for growth and development. Soybeans, lablab, and cowpeas thrive in warmer months.
- Fall: Energy-rich foods to build fat reserves for winter. Brassicas (radishes, turnips, kale) are king here.
- Winter: Digestible energy sources to survive harsh conditions. Winter wheat, oats, and brassicas that haven’t been fully consumed provide crucial sustenance.
Choosing the Right Seed Mix: A Seasonal Breakdown
Selecting the best food plot seed depends heavily on the time of year and your specific location. Here’s a breakdown of some top choices:
Best Spring Food Plot Mixes
The best spring food plot mix focuses on high-protein plants. Consider these options:
- Imperial Whitetail PowerPlant: (Whitetail Institute) A popular blend known for its quick establishment and high attraction rate. Many reviews, like those found on Deer & Habitat, highlight its effectiveness.
- Biologic Hot Spot: (Biologic) A versatile mix that performs well in a variety of soil types.
- No-Till Clover Mixes: For those embracing no till food plots, clover is a fantastic option. Look for blends containing white clover, red clover, and ladino clover.
Summer Food Plot Mixes for Deer
When what to plant for deer in summer, focus on heat-tolerant legumes and grains. A summer food plot mix should include:
- Soybeans: A highly attractive and nutritious option.
- Lablab: Another legume that thrives in warm weather.
- Cowpeas: Similar to lablab, providing a good source of protein.
- Iron Clay Peas: Excellent for sandy or acidic soils.
Fall and Late Season Food Plots
Preparing for the rut and winter requires energy-rich foods. Fall deer food plot seed blends should prioritize brassicas:
- Deer Radish Seeds: (Biologic Deer Radish) Radishes are incredibly fast-growing and provide a highly palatable food source.
- Brassica Blend: A mix of turnips, kale, and rape.
- Fall Blend Food Plot Seed: Many companies offer pre-mixed fall blends designed for maximum attraction.
Winter Food Plots
Best winter food plots for deer need to withstand cold temperatures and provide sustained energy. Consider:
- Winter Wheat: A hardy grain that provides a good source of carbohydrates.
- Oats: Another cold-tolerant grain.
- Brassicas (leftover from fall): If not fully consumed, brassicas can provide a valuable food source throughout the winter.
No-Till Food Plots: A Modern Approach
Traditional food plot establishment involves tilling the soil, which can be time-consuming and damaging to soil health. No till food plots are gaining popularity as a more sustainable and efficient alternative. The ultimate no till food plot relies on herbicides to kill existing vegetation and then direct seeding into the residue. Products like Whitetail Imperial No Plow are specifically designed for this method. The Leave No Trace principles also support minimizing soil disturbance.
Food Plots in the Woods: Addressing Shade Challenges
Establishing food plots in the woods presents unique challenges, primarily due to limited sunlight. The best food plot for shaded areas requires careful seed selection. Here are some options:
- Shady Patch Seed: Specifically formulated for low-light conditions.
- Clover: Some clover varieties are more shade-tolerant than others.
- Chicory: Can tolerate partial shade.
Consider creating hidey hole food plots – small, strategically placed plots within the woods that offer deer a sense of security.
Soil Testing and Fertilization
Before planting any food plot, it’s crucial to conduct a soil test. This will determine your soil’s pH and nutrient levels, allowing you to tailor your fertilization plan accordingly. The USDA Forest Service offers resources on soil testing and management. A best food plot fertilizer will be based on your soil test results, but generally, a balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended. For clover, a fertilizer specifically formulated for legumes is ideal.
Maintenance and Management
Food plots aren’t a “plant it and forget it” endeavor. Regular maintenance is essential for success:
- Weed Control: Control weeds through herbicides or manual removal.
- Fertilization: Re-fertilize as needed based on soil test results.
- Mowing: Mow plots to encourage new growth and prevent them from becoming overgrown.
- Rotation: Rotate crops to prevent soil depletion and disease buildup.
Micro Food Plots: A Small-Scale Solution
Don't have a lot of land? Consider micro food plots. These small, strategically placed plots can be highly effective, especially in areas with limited space. They’re perfect for attracting deer to specific hunting locations. Micro plots for deer can be as small as ¼ acre.
Resources and Further Reading
- Whitetail Institute of America
- Biologic
- Mossy Oak BioLogic
- REI Expert Advice: Food Plots
Creating successful year round food plots for deer requires planning, effort, and a commitment to understanding deer nutrition. By following the guidelines outlined in this guide, you can transform your property into a deer haven and enjoy the rewards of a thriving deer population. Remember to always check local regulations regarding food plot establishment and hunting.